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Vice President of India­ | Vice President in Indian Constitution

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1. Vice President of India

  • The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional authority in the country after the President.

  • This post is created by the Constitution of India to ensure that there is always a responsible authority available if the President is unable to perform duties.

  • The Vice President plays an important role in both executive and legislative systems, but mainly works in the Parliament.

  • He acts as a bridge between the government and the Parliament, ensuring that discussions and laws are passed smoothly.

  • The position also provides continuity of leadership, especially during emergencies like death or resignation of the President.
    👉 In short: The Vice President is a key constitutional post ensuring stability, continuity, and smooth governance.

2. Constitutional Articles (63–71)

  • The role, powers, and responsibilities of the Vice President are clearly defined in Articles 63 to 71 of the Constitution.

Detailed Explanation:

  • Article 63 → Establishes the post of Vice President.

  • Article 64 → Makes the Vice President the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha, meaning he automatically becomes its Chairman.

  • Article 65 → States that the Vice President will act as President in case of vacancy or absence.

  • Article 66 → Explains the election process.

  • Article 67 → Defines the term of office (5 years) and resignation/removal rules.

  • Article 68 → Deals with the timing of elections.

  • Article 69 → Mentions the oath or affirmation, taken before entering office.

  • Article 70 → Covers special situations where duties need to be assigned.

  • Article 71 → Deals with disputes related to election, decided by Supreme Court.

👉 In short: Articles 63–71 completely define the position, powers, and functioning of the Vice President.

3. Role of Vice President

  • The Vice President mainly performs legislative functions as the Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

  • He presides over sessions of Rajya Sabha and ensures proper functioning.

  • Maintains discipline and order in the House.

  • Decides who will speak and for how long.

  • Ensures that debates are conducted fairly and peacefully.

  • Represents India in official functions, meetings, and international events when required.

👉 In short: The Vice President’s main role is to manage Rajya Sabha and ensure smooth parliamentary functioning.

4. Powers of Vice President

The Vice President has limited but important powers, mainly in the legislative area.

(A) Legislative Powers

  • Presides over Rajya Sabha sessions.

  • Maintains discipline and order.

  • Decides points of order (rules of debate).

  • Has casting vote in case of tie.

(B) Executive Powers

  • Acts as President when the President is unable to work.

  • During this time, he exercises all powers of the President.

👉 In short: The Vice President mainly has legislative powers and acts as President when required.


vice president of india
vice president of india

5. Election Process of Vice President

Explanation in Points

  • The Vice President is not elected directly by people.

  • He is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha).

  • Election is done through proportional representation system.

  • Voting uses the single transferable vote system, which ensures fairness.

  • Voting is conducted by secret ballot, so members can vote freely.

Flowchart

Members of Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha
                ↓
        Indirect Election
                ↓
Proportional Representation System
                ↓
    Single Transferable Vote
                ↓
        Secret Ballot Voting
                ↓
     Vice President Elected

👉 In short: The Vice President is elected indirectly by MPs through a fair and secret voting system.

6. Qualifications for the post of Vice President

To become Vice President, a person must fulfill these conditions:

  • Must be a citizen of India

  • Must be at least 35 years old

  • Must be eligible to become a member of Rajya Sabha

  • Must not hold any office of profit under the government

👉 In short: Eligibility includes citizenship, age, and qualification for Rajya Sabha membership.

7. Powers and Functions of Vice President

  • Presides over Rajya Sabha meetings daily.

  • Maintains discipline and prevents chaos in the House.

  • Allows members to participate in discussions.

  • Controls debates and ensures rules are followed.

  • Takes disciplinary actions against members if needed.

  • Protects the dignity and importance of Parliament.

👉 In short: The Vice President ensures discipline, fairness, and smooth functioning of Parliament.

8. Vice President as Acting President 

Explanation

  • If the President is unable to perform duties due to:

    • Death

    • Resignation

    • Removal

    • Illness or absence

Then the Vice President becomes the Acting President.

  • During this period, he gets all powers of the President.

  • He continues in this role until a new President is elected.

Flowchart

President Position Vacant
 (Death / Resignation / Removal / Absence)
                ↓
     Vice President Takes Charge
                ↓
     Becomes Acting President
                ↓
Exercises All Powers of President
                ↓
Continues till New President Elected

👉 In short: The Vice President becomes Acting President during any vacancy or emergency.

9. Salary and Benefits of Vice President

  • The Vice President does not receive salary separately for that role.

  • He gets salary as the Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

  • Salary is about ₹4 lakh per month (may change).

  • Gets free residence, staff, travel, and allowances.

  • Also receives pension after retirement.

👉 In short: The Vice President is paid as Chairman of Rajya Sabha with many benefits.

10. Importance of Vice President

  • Ensures continuity of government.

  • Provides backup to the President.

  • Maintains discipline in Parliament.

  • Supports the democratic system.

  • Helps in smooth law-making process.

👉 In short: The Vice President is essential for stability, democracy, and smooth governance.

11. Conclusion

  • The Vice President of India is a very important constitutional authority.

  • Though powers are limited, the role becomes very powerful during emergencies.

  • The position ensures smooth functioning of Parliament and continuity of leadership.

👉 In short: The Vice President is a silent but strong pillar of Indian democracy.

MCQs

1. Who elects the Vice President?

A. People
B. Parliament
C. Supreme Court
D. States
✅ Answer: B
👉 In short: Elected by Members of Parliament.

2. Minimum age required?

A. 25
B. 30
C. 35
D. 40
✅ Answer: C
👉 In short: Minimum age is 35 years.

3. Chairman of which house?

A. Lok Sabha
B. Rajya Sabha
C. Court
D. Cabinet
✅ Answer: B
👉 In short: Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Practice Work (MCQs)

1. Election type of Vice President?

A. Direct
B. Indirect
C. Appointment
D. Nomination
✅ Answer: B
👉 In short: Indirect election system.

2. Term of Vice President?

A. 4 years
B. 5 years
C. 6 years
D. 7 years
✅ Answer: B
👉 In short: Term is 5 years.


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